Mast Cell Growth Factor

Mouse stem cell factor (SCF), is the ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. It plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. It also promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, which is the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1 ERK2 and or MAPK3 ERK1. KITLG SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5.

Stem cell factor (SCF), is the ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. It plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. It also promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, which is the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1 ERK2 and or MAPK3 ERK1. KITLG SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5.

SCF C-kit ligand is the ligand of the tyrosine-kinase receptor encoded by the KIT locus. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. In phase I II clinical studies administration of the combination of SCF and G-CSF resulted in a two- to threefold increase in cells that express the CD34 antigen compared with G-CSF alone.

Stem Cell Factor (SCF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that exerts its activity at the early stages of hematopoiesis. SCF stimulates the proliferation of myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid progenitors in bone marrow cultures and has been shown to act synergistically with colony stimulating factors.

Interleukin 3 is a pleiotropic factor produced primarily by activated T cells that can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells as well as various lineage committed progenitors. In addition, IL-3 also affects the functional activity of mature mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and macrophages.Because of its multiple functions and targets, it was originally studied under different names, including mast cell growth factor P-cell stimulating factor, burst promoting activity, multi-colony stimulating factor, thy-1 inducing factor and WEHI-3 growth factor. In addition to activated T cells, other cell types such as human thymic epithelial cells, activated mouse mast cells, mouse keratinocytes and neurons astrocytes can also produce IL-3. IL-3 exerts its biological activities through binding to specific cell surface receptors. The high affinity receptor responsible for IL-3. signaling is composed of α and βsubunits. IL-3 is capable of supporting the proliferation of abroad range of hematopoietic cell types. It is involved in avariety of cell activities such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. IL-3 has been shown to also possess neurotrophic activity, and it may be associated with neurologic disorders.

C-Kit SCF R is a type 3 transmembrane receptor for MGF (mast cell growth factor, also known as stem cell factor). c-Kit contains 5 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and 1 protein kinase domain. It belongs to the protein kinase superfamily and CSF-1 PDGF receptor subfamily. SCF R expression on mast cells enables them to infiltrate SCF-secreting tumors where they promote tumor growth and induce local immune suppression. SCF R is up-regulated on dendritic cells by Th2-orTh17-biasing stimuli, and it is required for subsequent dendritic cell induction of Th2 and Th17 responses. SCF R protects vascular smooth muscle cells from apoptosis and assists in the recovery of cardiac function following myocardial infarction.

Recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1 TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. Nucleolar transcription factor 1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (Cell-Free, His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 107.9 kDa and the accession number is P17480.

Mast Cell Protease 1 (MMCP-1), also known as MCP-1, MCPT-1 and β-chymase, is a member of the Chymase family of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. MCPT-1 is a 26 kDa β-chymase that is a component of mast cell granules. It is a 226 amino acid (aa) protein that has a conserved pattern of six cysteines and one potential glycosylation site. The granule-derived mouse mast cell proteases-1 and -2 (mMCP-1 and -2) colocalize in similar quantities in mucosal mast cells but micrograms of mMCP-1 compared with nanograms of mMCP-2 are detected in peripheral blood during intestinal nematode infection. mMCP-1 isolated from serum is complexed with serpins and both the accumulation and the longevity of mMCP-1 in the blood is due to complex formation, protecting it from a pathway that rapidly clears mMCP-2, which is unable to form complexes with serpins. The mucosal mast cell (MMC) granule-specific beta-chymase, mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), is released systemically into the bloodstream early in nematode infection before parasite-specific IgE responses develop and TGF-beta1 induces the constitutive release of mMCP-1 by homologs of MMC in vitro. Expression of mMCP-1 is largely restricted to intraepithelial MMC and is thought to play a role in the regulation of epithelial permeability. Its activation is completed by the removal of a two residue N-terminal propeptide by a dipeptidyl peptidase (Cathepsin C). MCPT-1 is upregulated in the intestine in response to nematode infection, or systemic mucosa in response to anaphylaxis. Like human α-chymase, MCPT-1 is capable of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which plays a key role in the regulation of arterial pressure. The intestinal inflammation associated with gastrointestinal helminths is partly mediated by mMCP-1.

Kit ligand, also known as Hematopoietic growth factor KL, Mast cell growth factor, Steel factor, Stem cell factor, c-Kit ligand, Kitlg and KITL, is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the SCF family. KITL kit ligand also belongs to the family of dimeric transmembrane growth factors. The soluble form of KIT ligand is a secreted protein. Mast cells are thought to participate in a variety of immune responses, such as parasite resistance and the allergic reaction. Mast cell development depends on stem cell factor (Kit ligand) and its receptor, c-Kit. KITL kit ligand stimulates the proliferation of mast cells. KITL kit ligand is able to augment the proliferation of both myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow culture. Efficient cell surface presentation of KITL kit ligand is essential for the migration, proliferation, and survival of melanocytes, germ cells, hemopoietic stem cells, and mastocytes. KITL kit ligand acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins. KITL kit ligand plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the melanocyte lineage in adult skin. It exerts permanent survival, proliferation and migration functions in Kit receptor-expressing melanocytes. KITL kit ligand misexpression in some hyperpigmented lesions may open the avenue for Kitl-dependent treatment of pathological skin conditions.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic, monocytes macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.